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How Much in Taxes Do Multinational Enterprises Pay?
Boukal, Tomáš ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Palanská, Tereza (referee)
Taxation of multinational enterprises accounts for a significant portion of government revenues. These revenues are however negatively affected by the tax behavior of many multinational groups which shift significant part of their profits to tax haven countries. The prevailing body of the literature on this topic has focused on the quantification of shifted profits and the resulting tax losses. Thus, the question of how much multinational enterprises do pay on taxes has remained unanswered. This has changed with the recent publications of Bolwijn et al. (2018) and Tørsløv et al. (2018). The aim of this thesis is to discuss their methodologies, apply them and present the amount of taxes paid by foreign affiliates of multinationals in individual countries. We express the results as a portion of GDP to enable cross-country comparison and put them in contrast to the estimates of tax losses from profit shifting. Keywords multinational enterprise, corporate income tax, international taxation, government revenue, tax avoidance
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Selected Tax Aspects of International Business
Tichá, Dominika ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Marková, Michaela (referee)
The result of the global integration of the world economy are globally operating corporations. Multinational enterprises operate in different countries whose economic policies are different from each other. These differences have considerable impact on tax policy. Taxes are the subject of conflicting interests of the international business and tax policy. One of the current objectives of the MNEs is to reduce the total cost in order to achieving competitive advantage in the global market as well as to minimize the global tax liability through its optimization. To achieve these objectives the international tax planning is a widely used means. International tax planning uses tax havens and their favourable tax conditions to divert profits. Minimizing tax liability often leads to tax avoidance or tax evasion. Different legislative adjustments and mutual meeting of local and international legislation gradually uncover gaps and weaknesses enabling reduction and shedding of profits. Consequently, states are deprived of significant tax revenue. One of the most common and most important methods to minimize the tax liability of MNEs is transfer pricing. Transfer prices are to be determined in accordance with the arm's length principle, using comparative analysis and an appropriate method of assessment. Transactions carried out between associated enterprises may be regarded as a risk area which gets to the fore states and tax administrations. The first part of thesis focuses on tax policy in terms of international taxation of income and international tax planning. The second part presents a transfer pricing. The third and last part describes the practices of MNEs in transfer pricing and corresponding initiatives of national and international organizations.
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Analysis of short-term and long-term impact of FDI on the balance of payments of the Czech Republic
Nosek, Martin ; Mandel, Martin (advisor) ; Brůna, Karel (referee)
This thesis is focused on the impact of FDI on the host economy and balance of payments of the Czech Republic. First, there are defined the different definitions and forms of FDI, followed by the theoretical foundations of FDI. The analytical part deals with impact on the economy receiving direct investment, technology transfer and the impact on the labor market. The next part analyzes the impact on balance of payments of the Czech Republic, on the current account deficit, which is part of the currency crisis indicator, and the income balance. In the statistical program is tested the dependence of the income balance on stock of FDI in the Czech economy.
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